Public Story
Transylvania
8,861
By Rena Effendi —
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Transylvania
Location: Istanbul, Turkey
Nationality: Azerbaijan
Biography:
Rena Effendi’s early work focused on oil industry’s effects on people’s lives. As a result, she followed a 1,700 km oil pipeline through Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey, collecting stories along the way. This work was published in 2009...
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Focus:
Photojournalist, Reporter, Documentary, Photography
Skills:
Research, Photojournalism, Film Photography
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
The whole Borca family, from Breb, puts finishing touches on one of the 40 haystacks it makes each summer in Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Every member of a Transylvanian family plays a part in the farming life. Eight-year-old Anuța, from Bogdan Vodă in the north, helps with the cows and sheep. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Corn is shelled, then fed to the cattle. Ion Petric and his wife, Maria Vraja, who live in Breb, help out their neighbors’ daughter, seven-year-old Adriana Țânțaş. Transylvanian family life and village life remain intimately bound up with the needs and services of farm animals. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Andrei Rus, 12, relaxes in his father’s palinca still in Strâmtura. Palinca—the name for all kinds of fruit brandy—can be as much as 58 proof here. The stills require copious amounts of cooling water and are nearly always on the banks of streams—as are fulling machines, which use water-driven hammers to thicken up the fibers of woolen cloth. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Anuța Vişovan, 70, tends the fire at a still owned by her neighbor, in Breb, for making palinca, the plum, apple, or pear brandy whose name means simply “distilled spirit.” A fiercely delicious dram of it is given to every visitor. “When the first thing you do is have some palinca,” Lorinț Opriş, mill owner at Sârbi, says, “you know it’s going to be a good day.” Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Cooking up plum jam in the autumn is usually a manâs job. It takes eight to ten hours of uninterrupted stirring to make sure the jam on the bottom of the pot doesn’t burn. This grandfather from Sârbi wears the traditional small Maramureş hat. Anyone who sports one of these little hats in Bucharest will likely be laughed at. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Vasile Cehi, nine, rests while the men of his family load hay onto a horse cart. Each cow requires about three full carts of hay for winter food. The red bow on his whip is a lucky charm for the horses. Red—found on bridles, harnesses, even a puppy’s collar—is thought to keep away evil spirits. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Cousins Anuța and Magdalena Mesaroș, 17, are on their way to a wedding in Sat Șugatăg, Maramureș. Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Maria Covaci kneels at her husband’s coffin in the courtyard of their house in Strâmtura. No funeral in Transylvania is complete without a warning from the priest of the dire fate that awaits those who have not led a good life. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
For about three dollars, you can rent time at this privately owned wooden washing machine in Sârbi, Maramureş, never more popular than when cleaning household rugs the traditional way—with surging river water—for Christmas or Easter. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Irina Veciunca is comforted at the burial of her husband, Ștefan in Poienili de sub Munte. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Wearing a heavy linen shirt and woolen waistcoat, Vasile Burnar attends Sunday Mass inside the ancient wooden church of Sts. Mihail and Gavril, built in the village of Mănăstirea Maramureș, in 1640. A current of deep attachment to tradition runs seamlessly from hay meadow to church pew. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Maria Cupcea, 30 (at left), stands in the hallway of the old house in Breb where her mother, Ileana Paul, 64, still lives. “I hope my children won’t continue to live in this village,” Cupcea says. “Life is too hard here.” Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
The Borca family relaxes after a working day that started early. Gheorghe (white shirt) and Anuța Borca (also in white) were married in July 1995, bang in the middle of the grass-cutting season. The honeymoon had to be shortened. “We started making hay again one week after the wedding,” Anuța says ruefully. This photograph was made in Maramureș, the Romanian-speaking part of northern Transylvania. Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
In her parents’ house in Budești, Ileana Borodi, 24, minds her baby son, Ioan, nine months, while her daughter, Mărioara, three, occupies herself. Elderly family members often stay in older wooden houses, where walls are hand-painted with flowery designs. Younger people usually live nearby in modern homes built of brick and concrete, easier to heat and keep clean. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Nastafa and Vasile Nemes have been married for over 50 years. When a boy likes a girl, he first declares his feelings to her parents. In turn, the parents inform their daughter and if she likes him she would go out and stand on the front porch. At this point, he has about 2 minutes to run up to her and confess about his feelings. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Village musician and drum maker Stefan Kovaci 71 y.o. with his granddaughter Silvia Godgea 7 y.o in Slatioara village. All his sons are working abroad in Italy and Spain and they sent the granddaughter to visit for the summer. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Men drinking palinka (distilled plum brandy) shots at the traditional wedding celebration in a coutyard. Men party is usually separated from the women. Calinesti village. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Widow Anutza Tepei 82 y.o. with her unmarried daughter Voichita 42 y.o. at home in Hoteni village. A widow wears black after her husband’s death for the rest of her life. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Day of the dead celebration in Budesti village. Bread and wine is brought to the priest from each family and a piece of paper with names of the deceased family members is attached to the candle. The priest then collects the paper and sings their names in a prayer commemorating them. The bread is later collected and is distributed among the village poor. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Ioana Oros rakes hay that she had just cut in the field, in an attempt to collect the last bits before the snow fall. Guilesti village. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Elderly woman in Breb is making a stew from beetroots and beetroot leaves for her pigs. The pigs are fed a lot more in the fall as the villagers are making them fat for Christmas, when pigs are slaughtered for traditional holiday feasts. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
"This is our cycle of life. We are taking care of the animals and in return they are taking care of us". - agrarian practices and culture still persist in Breb village of Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Dunca Vasile 53 y.o. from Sarbi village, has been a shepherd since the age of 9. His only regret in life is that the women kept leaving him because he was never around. Without the support of a family he could not have his own flock. “But if today they will ask me to choose between women and sheep, I would still choose sheep!” - he says. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Most elderly women in Maramures are engaged in weaving and making their own clothes. But this tradition is dying out amongst the youth as cheap Chinese and Turkish clothes inundate the local markets. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
On the evening hillside outside Breb, alfalfa stacks stand sentinel. The roots of Transylvania go back at least a thousand years. The farming way of life will continue only if it is treasured and nurtured by the villagers and seen by Romania and the European Union as worth sustaining. Maramures, Romania.
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© 2020 Rena Effendi
Women walking back to Breb village after haymaking with a backpack made of straw with hemp or cotton straps, the style has not changed since the medieval times. Maramures, Romania.