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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Carla Aguiar (28) on her way to her parents’ home in Venezuela. On her left is Francisco Aguiar (36), Carla´s brother. Las Tunitas, Vargas District, Venezuela. 18th December 2017. Carla and Francisco´s parents moved back to Madeira in August 2017. They left their house, their oldest kids and their "Venezuelan Dream" behind. At this time the two siblings were taking care of the house in Venezuela. Carla and Francisco were both born in Venezuela and their parents are Portuguese. Although Carla holds a Portuguese passport too she feels more Venezuelan than Portuguese.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Hundreds of thousand of Venezuelans gathered in Chacao, East Caracas, to Celebrate National Youth Day and to call on the military to allow international aid to enter the country. Caracas, Venezuela. 12th February 2019. The crowd is also waiting for the appearance of Juan Guaidó, self-proclaimed acting President of Venezuela and opposition leader. The protests and marches against Maduro´s government have been taking place regularly all over the country since 2014.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Carla Aguiar (28) and Josué Arteaga (36) are kissing each other at a beach in La Guaira, close to Caracas, with Francisco (Carla ́s brother) and his son, Francarlo. La Guaira, Venezuela. 17th December 2017.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
An empty super market in the centre of Caracas. Caracas, Venezuela. 25th February 2019. The shortage of food in the country has been one of the biggest issues for the Venezuelan people and only one of the many reasons for the Venezuelan exodus to different parts of the world.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Carla Aguiar (28) and Josué Arteaga (36) are celebrating their wedding in Catia La Mar, Venezuela. 16th December 2017. The only thing that spoils the couple's happiness is that the bride's parents cannot be present at the wedding. Carla was born in Venezuela, but her parents come from the Portuguese island of Madeira. They had left their homeland in 1981 hoping for a better life in the direction of South America. But since the dictator Nicolás Maduro Venezuela plunged into a crisis, many emigrants have returned, including Carla's parents: just a few months before the wedding, in August 2017, they flew to Madeira with their two youngest children. Carla and her two older siblings Liseth and Francisco stayed behind because they could not afford the plane tickets.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Francisco Aguiar (36) and Liseth Aguiar (31), both born in Venezuela, are video chatting with their parents and siblings who were already in Madeira. Liseth Aguiar died on May 10 2019 in Venezuela with hepatitis due to lack of treatment available in the country. Las Tunitas, La Guaira, Venezuela. 28th February, 2019. This was in the family house. Carlos and Rita (Liseth and Francisco´s parents) left it when they moved to Madeira in August 2017. The family is not only spatially divided: children of Portuguese immigrants are considered Portuguese in Venezuela, even if they were born there, and conversely, after decades abroad, Portuguese are considered foreigners when they return home.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Matias (3) looks outside the window from his room, while Sebastian (5) runs in the room. Catia la Mar, Venezuela. 18th December 2017. These two brothers are Liseth Aguiar´s kids and Carlos and Rita´s grandkids. They spend most of their time at home with their mother. They are living in an area that became very dangerous in the past years. Liseth´s children don´t have school everyday as the teachers keep giving up teaching due to the very low wages. "I just want a better future for my kids than the situation we have right now", said Liseth Aguiar. They were also two of the members of this family still stuck in Venezuela. Liseth Aguiar died in May 2019 in Venezuela.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
People queue waiting for the bus. Public transport ́s quality has decreased significantly in the past years with Nicholas Maduro ́ government. People got used to long queues and hours of waiting to be able to commute to work or back home. Catia la Mar, Caracas, Venezuela. 28th February 2019.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Hugo Chavéz, former president of Venezuela, is seen in the National TV of Venezuela. The government has nationalised most of the Venezuelan TV channels available. Las Tunitas, Vargas District ,Venezuela. 17th December 2017
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Carla Aguiar (28) and Josué Arteaga (36) were queuing in front of the Portuguese embassy to get their papers for an eventual emigration to Portugal. Caracas, Venezuela 11th January 2018. Both of them moved to Portugal in 2018. Where they met Carlos and Rita: Carla´s parents and her two younger siblings.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Josué Artiaga (36) is praying at a Church in Chacao, Caracas, Venezuela. 11th January 2018.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
A scene in Petare, Caracas, Venezuela. A utility poles covered with spider webs. Caracas, Venezuela. 20th February 2019. The country has been facing ongoing total blackouts since 2014. In February and March 2019 the power outages have worsened, taking longer periods.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
More than half a million Portuguese and Portuguese-descendants live in Venezuela today, following waves of immigration to the country during its oil-soaked boom of the 1950s and 1990s.Many of them were escaping Portugal’s 1926-1974 right-wing dictatorship —and around 300,000 of the Portuguese diaspora in Venezuela are from the island of Madeira, an island with about250,000 inhabitants today.
When Hugo Chávez came to power in Venezuela in 1999, some Portuguese immigrants beganmoving back to Madeira. But when Nicolás Maduro assumed the presidency in 2013, thisphenomenon increased significantly. Since 2017, as the country plunged into an unprecedentedeconomic and social crisis, Maduro steered Venezuela towards dictatorship. Struggling to gain access to food and medicine, between 5,000 and 10,000 Portuguese-Venezuelans moved to Portugal, making the opposite journey to start over once again. Now, they are like refugees in theircountries of origin.
This photography-led project is about the Portuguese diaspora in Venezuela and how the trend of returning migrants to Madeira is transforming the island. It focuses on one family that went toVenezuela seeking a better life, but had to return to Madeira as they increasingly struggled to getbasic goods and with no bright future in sight.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
The view from the cockpit of a plane landing in Lisbon, the Portuguese capital. 16th December 2017. Lisbon is where this reversed migration coming “back” to the Portuguese island of Madeira flies to first. They fly from Caracas to Lisbon where they transfer to Madeira Island.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
On a Monday in August 2017, Rita Jardim Aguiar, 55, (seen from the front) and Carlos Aguiar, 64, (in the background) are welcomed by Rita's sister at the Funchal airport in Madeira. Madeira, Portugal. 21st August 2017. Carlos and Rita emigrated to Venezuela in 1981 chasing their “Venezuelan Dream”. In August 2017 they had to abandon Venezuela. They left behind all they had fought for and their 3 oldest kids, including their daughter Carla Aguiar. Carla´s two youngest siblings (both born in Venezuela), Stefany (14) and Jhon (18) moved with Rita and Carlos to Madeira. After Chávez´s death in 2013, Nicolás Maduro came to power and the number of returnees to Madeira has increased significantly since then. Maduro has transformed the country into a dictatorship and brought it into a crisis: Food and medicines are scarce, the infrastructure is dilapidated, and the electricity is always cut. Rita and Carlos saw no future in the country for themselves and their family.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
The family is gathering in their new home town. While Carlos Aguiar (64) cooks, Jhon (18) and Rita (55) are in their phones and Stefany (14) at the computer. Madeira Island, Portugal. 27th March 2018, “Right now I just want my kids to have a better future in here. And I hope my other three kids will come soon”, said Rita about wishing to get all the family together again one day. Carlos and Rita emigrated to Venezuela in 1981 chasing their “Venezuelan Dream”. In August 2017 they had to abandon Venezuela. They left behind all they had fought for and their 3 oldest children.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Carla Aguiar is on a bus in Madeira Island back together with her parents after 1 year being removed split. She arrived in Madeira on August 12th 2018. Madeira, Portugal. 16th August 2018. In April 2018, Carla got pregnant. From that moment the family’s priority was to move her to Portugal so she could give birth in a safe place, in a public hospital with basic conditions. Medical care in Carla's homeland of Venezuela is too precarious: since Maduro's rise to power, hospitals have lacked staff and medication, and the number of mothers and children who die at birth has skyrocketed.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
A view of the village of São Vicente in northern Madeira. Madeira, Portugal. 12th August 2017. For a long time, Portugal, which includes the island, was considered an emigration country. Especially during the dictatorship between 1926 and 1974, many residents left the country - often in the direction of Venezuela. Because of the oil boom, it was one of the richest countries in South America at the time. Today about 500,000 people of Portuguese descent live there, most of them from Madeira. Especially the rural regions of the island were almost deserted for a long time due to the emigration. It's different today: Between 2017 and 2019, between 5,000 and 10,000 Portuguese returned to their home country due to the Venezuelan crisis. Anyone who could buy a house near the main town of Funchal in better times will return there. For others, parents or relatives are the first point of contact.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Carla Aguiar and Rita Aguiar (55) are walking in the centre of Funchal. Carla had arrived in Madeira four days before this moment. 16th August 2018. In April 2018, Carla got pregnant. From that moment, the family’s priority became finding a way to move Carla to Portugal so she could give birth in a safe place, in a public hospital with basic conditions. In here they were on their way to a government office to confirm she had all her papers right and to make sure her husband, Josué Artiaga, - who was still in Venezuela - could move to Madeira Island.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Carla Aguiar (28) is doing the laundry helping her parents at home in their new home town of Camacha, Madeira, while Jhon (18) and Stefany (14) are playing. Camacha, Madeira, Portugal. 15th August 2018. This is a year after Carla Aguiar being removed split from her parents and her two youngest siblings.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
A view to Funchal, the capital city of Madeira Island. Funchal, Portugal. 30th December 2018.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Jhon and Rita are enjoying a village party in Camacha, their home town in Madeira. Rita has her oldest daughter, Liseth on the phone to show her the party. Camacha, Madeira Island. 16th August 2018. Liseth Aguiar died on May 10 2019 in Venezuela with hepatitis due to lack of treatment available in the country.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Carlos Aguiar (64) and her daughter Stefany (14) are buying food in a small market in Camacha, Madeira Island, Portugal. 23rd November 2017. When the family arrived in Madeira the kids were very surprised to see the supermarkets fully stocked with food, comparing to the supermarkets in Venezuela which have either repeated items or have the shelves completely empty.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Carla Aguiar (28) sits pregnant, at her mattress in the lIving room at her parents home in Camacha. She is on the phone with Josué Artiaga (36), her husband, who, at that time, was still in Venezuela. Camacha, Madeira, Portugal. 16th August 2018. At the time the family was trying to save money to move Josué to Portugal on time before their baby ́s birth.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
People are seen taking the bus in one of the main avenue in Funchal, the capital city of Madeira Island in Portugal. Camacha, Madeira, Portugal. 14th August 2018.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Carla hugs her husband Josué at her parents ́ home. Camacha, Madeira, Portugal. 28th December 2018. Josué moved to Madeira late November to meet his wife again and to start a new life in the Portuguese Island. Both of them were born in Venezuela and neither of them speak Portuguese.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
On Christmas Day 2018, the family gathered in their home in the town of Camacha in Madeira. The 31-year-old Liseth and the 35-year-old Francisco, who stayed in Venezuela, are connected via video chat. Camacha, Madeira, Portugal. 25th December 2018. The home where they are living in Madeira, Portugal, is Rita ́s mother house. It is a two bed room house and there are 8 people living in it now. The couple, Carla and Josué, sleep in the living room.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Carla (28) and Josué (36) are waiting patiently for the birth of their first child. Funchal, Madeira. Portugal. 31st December 2018. Ever since Carla's parents found out that her daughter was pregnant, they had done everything to take her to Madeira. Medical care in Carla's homeland of Venezuela is too precarious: since Maduro's rise to power, hospitals have lacked staff and medication, and the number of mothers and children who die at birth has skyrocketed. Carla arrived in Madeira in August 2018, Josué followed her in November 2018. They want to start a new life on the island. Carla's sister Liseth can no longer save herself to Madeira in time. She died of hepatitis in Venezuela just a few months later in May 2019 because of the lack of the necessary medication. She leaves behind a man and two little sons.
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© 2020 Jose Sarmento Matos
Carla and Josué look at their newborn son at Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça in Funchal, Madeira, Portugal. 2nd January 2019. Medical care in Carla and Josué´s homeland of Venezuela is too precarious: since Maduro's rise to power, hospitals have lacked staff and medication, and the number of mothers and children who die at birth has skyrocketed. Carla arrived in Madeira in August 2018, Josué followed in November. They want to start a new life on the island.
Public Story
Where do I belong? Abandoning the Venezuelan Dream.
Credits:
jose sarmento matos
Date of Work:
08/08/17 - 03/03/19
Updated: 06/08/20
Where do I belong? Abandoning the Venezuelan Dream.
(August 2017 - March 2019.)
Where do I belong? is a story about a Portuguese-Venezuelan family and their reversed migration from Venezuela to Portugal.
More than half-a-million Portuguese and Portuguese descendants live in Venezuela today, after waves of immigration to the country during its oil-soaked booms of the 1950s and 1990s. Many of them were escaping Portugal’s right-wing dictatorship of 1926-1974 — and around 300,000 of the Portuguese diaspora in Venezuela are from Madeira, an island with about 250,000 inhabitants today. When Hugo Chávez came to power in Venezuela in 1999, some Portuguese immigrants began moving back to Madeira. But when Nicolás Maduro assumed the presidency in 2013, this phenomenon increased significantly.
Since 2017, as Venezuela plunged into an unprecedented economic and social crisis, Maduro has steered Venezuela toward dictatorship. Struggling to gain access to food and medicine, between 5,000 and 10,000 Portuguese-Venezuelans moved to Portugal, making the opposite journey to start over once again. Now, they are like refugees in their country of origin.
Even when born in Venezuela, Portuguese-Venezuelan people tend to be considered Portuguese or children of Portuguese immigrants. But now that they are moving to Madeira, with their Portuguese passport, they are seen as Venezuelan, and viewed as foreigners and immigrants. Now, they don’t know where they belong.
The Aguiars were starting over in Madeira and losing their sense of belonging and identity. Rita and Carlos Aguiar emigrated to Venezuela in 1981 chasing their “Venezuelan Dream,” and they had their five children there. In August 2017, they abandoned Venezuela, seeing no future in the country for themselves and their family. They left behind all they had fought for and their three oldest kids. Their children Stefany and Jhon moved with Rita and Carlos to Madeira. Carla, Liseth and Francisco stayed. Liseth died in May 2019 of hepatitis, and Francisco is stuck in Venezuela without a Portuguese passport. Carla married Josué Artiaga in December 2017 in Venezuela and moved to Madeira in August 2018 while she was pregnant.
Their baby, Josué Raúl, was born in January 2019 back where his grandparents came from, culminating this reversed migration.
The Aguiars left Venezuela in the face of a deep political, economic and humanitarian crisis, but they also left their loved ones, and their love for the country where they were born or lived in for so long.
